Use of epic simile in Dryden's Mac Flecknoe

What is epic simile?

An epic simile, also known as a Homeric simile, is a literary device commonly used in epic poetry. It involves an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar objects or situations, often using elaborate and detailed language. This simile serves to create vivid imagery, enhance the reader's understanding, and add depth to the narrative. Epic similes are a hallmark of works like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, as well as other epic poems.

Use of epic simile in Dryden's Mac Flecknoe:

In John Dryden's Mac Flecknoe, a mock-heroic satire, the use of epic similes is employed in a satirical manner. The epic similes in the poem are used to highlight the contrast between grandiose poetic conventions and the triviality of the subject matter- namely, the uninspiring literary accomplishments of Thomas Shadwell, who is portrayed as Mac Flecknoe.

Here are a few examples of the use of epic simile in the poem:

Comparison of Shadwell's Poetic Prowess:

"Thy Muse, the second post, divinely dull,

Next Shadwell came, admir'd by ev'ry fool."

Here, Dryden compares Shadwell's position in the literary world to that of a "second post," emphasizing his lack of originality and skill. The epic simile draws a parallel between Shadwell's reputation and the mundane status of a second-rate conveyance.

Depiction of Shadwell's Insignificance:

"So when a blockhead, with refulgent rays

Of tallow candles, blazes forth in blaze,

When... his [own] foggy lantern lights the skies."

This simile likens Shadwell's attempts at literary fame to a blockhead illuminating the night with the dim light of tallow candles. The imagery portrays Shadwell's efforts as feeble and ineffective, underscoring his insignificance.

Comparison of Shadwell's Imitations:

"So when bold Homer makes the gods engage,

And heav'nly breasts with human passions rage;

'Gainst Pallas, Mars; Latona Hermes arms;

And all Olympus rings with loud alarms."

Dryden uses this simile to compare Shadwell's imitation of great poets to Homer's depiction of gods engaging in battles. The parallel between the two situations serves to emphasize the vast difference in significance between epic battles and Shadwell's mundane literary pursuits. The simile serves to underscore the idea that Shadwell's efforts are a pale imitation of true literary greatness.

These examples demonstrate how Dryden uses epic similes to achieve satirical effects in Mac Flecknoe. The use of epic similes in Mac Flecknoe contributes to the poem's mock-heroic style. By juxtaposing the grandeur of epic poetry with the banality of Shadwell's accomplishments, Dryden ridicules Shadwell's efforts to raise his poetry to the level of heroic works. Dryden employs these similes to satirize Shadwell's attempts to elevate his poetry to the status of the great epic poets like Homer. By applying the conventions of epic poetry to Shadwell's mundane literary achievements, Dryden highlights the disparity between Shadwell's self-importance and the reality of his mediocrity.

In essence, the epic similes in Mac Flecknoe serve as a satirical tool, using a familiar literary technique to emphasize the absurdity and inadequacy of Shadwell's aspirations and accomplishments as a poet. This adds layers of humor and irony to the poem, making it an effective vehicle for Dryden's biting critique. They contribute to the overall tone of irony and parody, helping Dryden convey his critical assessment of Shadwell's talents in a humorous and impactful manner.